8,079 research outputs found
Matter effects on the flavor conversions of solar neutrinos and high-energy astrophysical neutrinos
Can we observe the solar eclipses in the neutrino light? In principle, this
is possible by identifying the lunar matter effects on the flavor conversions
of solar neutrinos when they traverse the Moon before reaching the detectors at
the Earth. Unfortunately, we show that the lunar matter effects on the survival
probability of solar neutrinos are suppressed by an additional
factor of , compared to the day-night asymmetry. However, we point out
that the matter effects on the flavor conversions of high-energy astrophysical
neutrinos, when they propagate through the Sun, can be significant. Though the
flavor composition of high-energy neutrinos can be remarkably modified, it is
quite challenging to observe such effects even in the next-generation of
neutrino telescopes.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures, accepted by Nuclear Physics
Large shift current via in-gap and charge-neutral exciton excitations in BN nanotubes and single BN layer
We perform {\it ab initio} many-body calculations to investigate the exciton
shift current in small diameter zigzag BN nanotubes and also single BN sheet,
using the GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) method with the newly
developed efficient algorithms. Our GW-BSE calculations reveal a giant in-gap
peak in the shift current spectrum in all the studied BN systems due to the
excitation of the A exciton. The peak value of the excitonic shift current is
more than three times larger than that of the quasiparticle shift current, and
is attributed to the gigantic enhancement of the optical dipole matrix element
by the A exciton resonance. The effective exciton shift current conductivity is
nearly ten times larger than the largest shift conductivity observed in
ferroelectric semiconductors. Importantly, the direction of the shift current
in the BN nanotubes is found to be independent of the tube chirality ()
(or diameter), contrary to the simple rule of predicted by previous model Hamiltonian
studies. Finally, our {\it ab initio} calculations also show that the exciton
excitation energies decrease significantly with the decreasing diameter due to
the curvature-induced orbital rehybridization in small diameter zigzag BN
nanotubes.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures and 2 table
Evolution of topological charge through chiral anomaly transport
Built upon the state-of-the-art model a multiphase transport (AMPT), we
develop a new module of chiral anomaly transport (CAT), which can trace the
evolution of the initial topological charge of gauge field created through
sphaleron transition at finite temperature and external magnetic field in heavy
ion collisions. The eventual experimental signals of chiral magnetic
effect(CME) can be measured. The CAT explicitly shows the generation and
evolution of the charge separation, and the signals of CME through the CAT are
quantitatively in agreement with the experimental measurements in Au+Au
collision at , and the centrality dependence of the CME
fraction follows that of the fireball temperature.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
SAROTUP: Scanner and Reporter of Target-Unrelated Peptides
As epitope mimics, mimotopes have been widely utilized in the study of epitope prediction and the development of new diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Screening the random peptide libraries constructed with phage display or any other surface display technologies provides an efficient and convenient approach to acquire mimotopes. However, target-unrelated peptides creep into mimotopes from time to time through binding to contaminants or other components of the screening system. In this study, we present SAROTUP, a free web tool for scanning, reporting and excluding possible target-unrelated peptides from real mimotopes. Preliminary tests show that SAROTUP is efficient and capable of improving the accuracy of mimotope-based epitope mapping. It is also helpful for the development of mimotope-based diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines
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